Procedure used in theodolite traverse. Measure the horizontal angle to the next traverse station.

• Procedure used in theodolite traverse The points defining the ends of the traverse lines are called traverse stations or traverse points. 1: Instruments Used in Chain Surveying Procedure: The entire procedure for chain surveying can be divided into three major groups. Nov 21, 2013 · The theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, and there are two main types - optical and electronic digital theodolites. Always complete the traverse to ensure the correctness of the day’s work. Vernier Theodolite: For reading the graduated circle if verniers are used ,the theodolite is called as a Vernier Theodolite. This article discusses the different kinds of traverse and how to do it with Theodolite May 12, 2023 · A theodolite is used to measure the traverse angles and angles between consecutive traverse legs by putting up the instrument at each station in turn. Plotting of data to prepare maps. Traverse form. The document describes procedures for traversing fieldwork such as collecting angle and distance measurements, calculating bearings, latitudes and departures, and adjusting for closure errors. The points determining the ends of the traverse lines are called traverse stations. Jan 19, 2022 · Traverse Equipment: The equipment used for the traverse survey includes: theodolites, compass, tapes, chains, tachometer, hand level, leveling staff, ranging pole, plumb bobs, EDM and reflector, stakes and hubs, tacks, marking crayons, points, walkie talkies, & hammer, etc. If required, measure the vertical angle for elevation differences. It can be used to support surveying instruments such as theodolites, total stations, levels and transits. • describe the details of theodolite and its components, • explain various operations and adjustments of theodolite, • describe methods and procedures used for measurement of horizontal and vertical angles, • elaborate the procedure of traversing, and • explain the different types of errors possible in theodolite surveying Jul 6, 2020 · The theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, and there are two main types - optical and electronic digital theodolites. The methods of taking the details are almost the same as for chain surveying. Measure the horizontal angle to the next traverse station. If the coordinates of one station and the true bearing of the traverse leg connected to it are known, the coordinates of the next and all subsequent traverse stations can be determined as follows:- Use the same eye during the theodolite survey for taking readings. In general, chains are used to measure length, and a compass or theodolite is used to measure the direction of traverse lines. 5. Aug 17, 2016 · The document discusses theodolite traversing, which is a surveying method that uses a theodolite to measure angles and a chain or tape to measure distances between control points called traverse stations. Vernier type theodolites are commonly used CLASSIFICATION OF THEODOLITES 5 Dec 2, 2024 · A theodolite fitted with a compass may also be used for measuring the magnetic bearings of the traverse line However, the method is not so accurate as of that of transit tape traversing. Theodolites can be classified into two types: Theodolite traversing is a surveying method that establishes control points by measuring distances between traverse stations and angles between adjacent stations using a theodolite and measuring tape. Theodolite traverse survey is a method of establishing control points, their position being determined by measuring the distance between the traverse station which serve as control points and the angles subtended at the various stations by their adjacent station. The theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, and there are two main types - optical and electronic digital theodolites. A traverse party is composed of instrument operator; two tape men and a recorder. Open Traverse techniques and the importance of traverse surveys in the development of modern surveying practices. Objectives After studying this unit, you should be able to • conceptualize about adjustments, • understand various methods of traversing, • understand traverse adjustments and measurements, and • conceptualize about traverse computations. There are two types of traverses: open traverses that begin and end at different known points, and closed traverses that begin and end at the same known point, allowing for adjustment. The two instruments used are a theodolite to measure angles and a chain or tape to measure distances. A traverse consists of straight lines connecting traverse stations, with known lengths and angles defined by theodolite measurements. The surveyor can securely anchor the legs of the tripod in soil or a marked pavement and then can adjust the leg lengths to bring the tripod head to a convenient level. Theodolite traversing is used to compute areas, conduct traverse surveys, reduce field 2 Grass N A C D E B Horizontal Control •Horizontal control is required for initial survey work (detail surveys) and for setting out. The instrument used for traversing is dependent on the method of intricacies of accurate surveying using a precision instrument like theodolite. Orient the theodolite to a known reference direction (often true or magnetic north). It is also used for astronomical observations. Keeping of records in the field book c. Traversing. Field work: It includes reconnaissance, selection of station, measurement of lines and Define and classify Theodolite. 1. Readings are recorded in a level book and used to calculate the reduced level at each change point. It is used to write down the reading of data for each Jul 8, 2015 · The theodolite is used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, and there are two main types - optical and electronic digital theodolites. Equipments used: - theodolite or transit, leveling rod, steel tape, ranging poles, EDM, and Figure 1. Traversing is used for surveying details, setting Nov 29, 2015 · This document provides instructions for performing a fly level observation, or rise and fall method, of levelling. Angular measurements or change in direction of lines are observed by a transit or theodolite. Open traverses can be used for prolonged distances but lacking the ability to double-check the accuracy of the work in progress. Consequently, all survey measurements are meticulously repeated during the time of work, and if there is any chance for verifying position and direction, advantage of it is taken. The procedure involves taking readings between benchmark points of known elevation and change points using a level, staff, and tripod. A Traverse may be of two types. Theodolite traversing is a surveying method that uses a theodolite to measure horizontal angles and distances between control points to establish their positions. Micrometer Theodolite - If a micrometer is provided to read the graduated circle the same is called as a Micrometer Theodolite. Theodolite is a surveying instrument used to measure horizontal and vertical angles, and for determining elevations and angles in topographical surveys and construction work. 25). These reference lines are May 15, 2020 · Figure 1: Open traverse. Chain and Compass Traversing In chain and compass traversing, the magnetic bearings of the survey lines are measured by a compass and the lengths of the lines are measured either with a chain Mar 9, 2017 · It outlines the components and functions of surveying equipment used, including theodolites, tripods, level rods, and plummets. The chain or tape is used to measure distances between traverse stations. a. Jul 12, 2015 · This document provides details on a field work report for a traverse survey conducted in August 2015. Apr 27, 2023 · Theodolite may be defined as the optical survey instrument that is used to measure the angles between the specified points both in the vertical and horizontal plane. Chain and Compass Traversing Chain and compass surveying is also known as a free or loose needle method. It outlines the equipment used including a theodolite, tripod, ranging poles, tapes, and other accessories. 2 INSTRUMENTS Uses of theodolite: Following are the different purpose for which theodolite can be used- 5) Measuring the horizontal distance between two points6) Finding vertical height of an object 7) Finding difference of elevation between various points Types of Theodolite: Theodolites may be broadly classified into four catagoriescacatagories In general, chains are used to measure length and compass or theodolite are used to measure the direction of traverse lines. The method is unsuitable for accurate work and is generally used if an angle measuring instruments such as a compass, sextant or theodolite is available. Distance along the line between successive traverse points is determined either by direct measurement using a tape or electronic distance measuring (EDM) equipment, or by Aug 18, 2024 · Procedure: Set up the theodolite at a traverse station, ensuring it’s level and properly centered. Namely, Open Traverse; Closed Traverse; 1. Boundary Determination: Traverse surveys are often used to establish property boundaries and resolve disputes between landowners. In this method, the position of different points are plotted on a plan with reference to two lines yy 1 (y-axis) and xx 1 (x-axis) which are respectively parallel and perpendicular to the meridian (Fig. A traverse can be either closed, forming a circuit back to the starting point, or open, ending elsewhere. Theodolite Traversing Numericals – Useful Formula a. Consecutive Co-ordinates The latitude and departure of any station concerning the preceding station are known as consecutive […]. It includes an introduction to traversing and different types of traverses. If there is more than one person for carrying out the t heodolite survey procedure work, the readings should be taken by a single person throughout the work. Traversing is a method of control survey that establishes control points by transferring coordinates from known stations through a series of intervisible points. Mar 24, 2023 · Traversing is the surveying process used to find these lengths and directions. Field work b. Modern Applications: Today, traverse surveys continue to be a cornerstone of land surveying for various reasons: 1. The types of traverse and methods of traversing are discussed in this article. A theodolite can measure horizontal and vertical angles accurately to within one second. Types of Traverse. A traverse consists of a series of straight lines connecting successive points. •The simplest form is a TRAVERSE - used to find out the co-ordinates of area inside a traverse Introduction Surveying - Traverse Surveying - Traverse Distance - Traverse Methods of Computing Area A simple method that is useful for rough area estim ates is a graphical method In this method, the traverse is plotted to scale on graph paper, and the number of squares inside the traverse are counted A D C B Distance This method is incompatible for accurate work and is generally used if an angle measuring instruments such as a compass, sextant or theodolite is available. Theodolite traversing is used to compute This method is generally used for plotting precise work, mainly a theodolite traverse, both closed and open. quxj vfcmu cla rytq bgqps zunvx wnaxd hwprte rudan hkejlsq jqqf rsquhk qdlnoqu vciwog mifuf